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What advance parole is
Advance parole is a travel document that allows certain applicants to seek re-entry to the United States after temporary travel abroad while an application is pending. It is requested using Form I-131.
Parole is permission to seek admission at the port of entry; it is not a guarantee of re-entry. CBP still inspects the traveler.
Two separate risks
First, departing while an adjustment application is pending, without an approved travel document, can be treated as abandoning that application. Second, and independently, departure can trigger a bar to admission based on prior unlawful presence.
Those risks are analyzed separately. Holding an advance parole document does not eliminate the second risk.
Practical guidance
Do not book non-refundable travel before the document is approved in hand, and discuss any planned departure with counsel first — particularly if there has been any period of unlawful presence, any prior removal, or any prior visa refusal.